Best Supplements: Don't Buy Another Bottle (Until You Read This!)

Key Takeaways 
  • Not everyone needs supplements. The best supplement is one that works on a real nutritional gap or a targeted health need.  

  • Start with the essentials. Vitamin D, omega-3s, magnesium, and vitamin B12 are among the most evidence-backed supplements for common deficiencies.  

  • Advanced supplements have more targeted roles. Tocotrienols, geranylgeraniol, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, and molecular hydrogen show promising research for healthy aging, cellular energy, and antioxidant support.  

  • Blood work beats guesswork. Getting yourself evaluated for underlying deficiencies can help you pick supplements more confidently and avoid unnecessary products.  

  • Quality matters as much as the ingredient. Look for clinically studied ingredients, transparent labels, third-party testing, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). 

Walk into any pharmacy or scroll through Amazon, and you'll find thousands of supplement bottles promising everything from better energy and sharper focus to healthier aging. 

Yet, taking more supplements won’t automatically improve your health. What matters is choosing the right supplement for the right reason. 

So, how do you separate nutrients your body genuinely needs from expensive bottles built on clever marketing? 

Instead of another generic "Top 10 Supplements" list, this guide breaks down best supplements. The ones backed by the strongest scientific evidence, who may benefit from them, and how to spot high-quality formulations that are worth your money. 

By the end, you'll stop buying supplements on hope and start choosing them on evidence! 

What Makes a Supplement Worth Taking? 

A supplement is worth taking if it does two things: it addresses a real nutritional need and has strong clinical evidence to support its use. 

The right supplement can help fill a nutritional gap or support a specific health goal. But the wrong one is simply another expensive-looking pill collecting dust in your cabinet. Fortunately, science points in the same direction! 

A review published in the New England Journal of Medicine concluded that while supplements can be valuable for people with nutrient deficiencies routine supplementation is not universally beneficial for everyone 2 

In other words, the "best" supplement is the one that matches your individual health goals and not the one with a long ingredient list! 

So, before you pick another fancy bottle at the drugstore ask yourself: 

  • Do I have a diagnosed nutrient deficiency?  

  • Does my diet fall short of certain nutrients consistently?  

  • Am I trying to support a specific health goal, such as bone, heart, or healthy aging?  

  • Is this supplement backed by high-quality human research?  

  • Has it been independently tested for quality and purity? 

Once you've answered these questions, focus only on the supplements that match your needs and are backed by quality research. If the answer is "no" to most of them, you probably don't need that supplement. 

Remember that your mindful selection of a supplement matters far more than chasing celebrity endorsements or viral social media trends.  

Which Supplements Deserve a Place in Your Routine? 

Start with the essentials. Nutrients like vitamin D, magnesium, omega-3s, and vitamin B12 help address common nutritional gaps. Furthermore, advanced supplements like tocotrienols, ubiquinol, and geranylgeraniol offer more targeted support.  

Below are the supplements with the strongest evidence behind them.

Vitamin D: Go Outside. You Aren't a Houseplant. 

We've become experts at charging our phones, but not ourselves! If your biggest daily walk is from your desk to the coffee machine, you're not alone.  

Modern life keeps many of us indoors, which means less sun exposure and lower vitamin D levels. 

Thus, you need to supplement vitamin D if you're deficient or belong to a group at a higher risk of deficiency or don't get enough sunlight. 

Without enough vitamin D, your body struggles to absorb calcium efficiently, making it harder to maintain strong bones and healthy muscle function. 3 

Older adults, people with darker skin, those who spend most of their time indoors, and individuals with certain digestive disorders are more likely to have low vitamin D levels. 

Who may benefit? 

  • People with low vitamin D levels confirmed through blood work  

  • Adults with limited sun exposure  

  • Older adults  

  • Individuals with osteoporosis or poor bone health  

  • People with conditions like metabolic dysfunction that reduce nutrient absorption 

Research Snapshot 

While vitamin D is one of the most researched nutrients, science also offers an important reality check. A large review in the New England Journal of Medicine found that vitamin D supplementation is most beneficial when used to correct deficiency or meet increased physiological needs, not as a routine supplement for everyone 4  

Did You Know?

Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health concern. Experts estimate that nearly 1 billion people worldwide have deficient or insufficient vitamin D levels 5 

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: To Fish or Not to Fish?  

You will benefit from an omega-3 supplement if you rarely eat fatty fish, follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, or want additional support for your heart and brain health. 

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, support heart health, brain function, eye health, and regulate the body's normal inflammatory response 6 

People who eat fish less than once a week or follow plant-based diets are more likely to have lower omega-3 levels than those who regularly consume fatty fish. 

Who may benefit?

  • Adults who rarely eat fatty fish  

  • People following vegetarian or vegan diets  

  • Individuals looking to support heart health  

  • Adults with low dietary omega-3 intake  

  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women (under medical guidance)  

Research Snapshot 

The strongest evidence for omega-3 supplements comes from heart health. Research suggests they help lower triglyceride levels and support healthy blood vessel function. They also regulate the body's normal inflammatory response, which plays an important role in cardiovascular health. These benefits appear to be greatest in people with existing heart disease or higher cardiovascular risk. 7 

Did You Know?

Fish isn't the only source of omega-3s. If you follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, algal oil offers a plant-based source of EPA and DHA, the same long-chain omega-3 fatty acids naturally found in fatty fish. Research suggests algal oil raises blood DHA levels comparably to fish oil, making it a reliable alternative for vegetarians. 8 

Magnesium: Sleep's Most Overlooked Mineral  

You may benefit from a magnesium supplement if your diet is low in magnesium-rich foods; you have certain digestive conditions, or your healthcare provider has identified a deficiency. 

Magnesium is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. It helps support normal muscle and nerve function, energy production, healthy bones, and heart rhythm 8 

So, if your dinner often looks like pizza and comes in a box, bag, or drive-thru window, magnesium may be one of the nutrients you're missing!  

Older adults, people with gastrointestinal disorders, and those with type 2 diabetes are also more likely to have lower magnesium levels 

Who may benefit? 

  • Adults with low dietary magnesium intake  

  • Older adults  

  • People with gastrointestinal conditions that affect nutrient absorption  

  • Individuals with type 2 diabetes  

  • People taking certain medications, such as long-term acid reflux medicines (PPIs) or diuretics (under medical supervision) 

Research Snapshot 

Research suggests that correcting magnesium deficiencies can help restore normal muscle and nerve function. Adequate magnesium intake supports better bone, muscle, nerve, and heart function. But supplementation gives the highest benefits in people with low intake or deficiency rather than those with sufficient magnesium levels. 9 

Did You Know?

Do you struggle to sleep? Low magnesium intake could be one reason. Magnesium helps regulate the nervous system and supports healthy sleep, which is why it's often called one of the most overlooked nutrients for a good night's rest 10 

Vitamin B12: Already feeling 80 in Your 30s? 

If meat, fish, eggs, or dairy rarely make it to your plate, or you've crossed 50, vitamin B12 deserves your attention.  

The same goes for people with digestive conditions or anyone whose blood work confirms a B12 deficiency. 

Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation, nerve function, DNA synthesis, and energy metabolism 

Without enough of it, your body can't produce healthy red blood cells properly, which leads to unexplained fatigue, weakness, or tingling in your hands and feet.  

Who may benefit? 

  • Adults with vitamin B12 deficiency confirmed through blood work  

  • Vegetarians and vegans  

  • Adults over 50 years of age  

  • People taking metformin (usually diabetics) or long-term acid-suppressing medications  

  • Individuals with gastrointestinal conditions that affect B12 absorption  

Research Snapshot 

When you're truly low in vitamin B12, a supplement can help your body get back on track. Research shows it helps restore healthy B12 levels while supporting red blood cell production and normal nerve function, particularly in people with a confirmed deficiency or poor absorption11

Did You Know?

Your body stores 1,000 to 2,000 times as much vitamin B12 as you’d typically eat in a day, that's why a deficiency often develops silently, and by the time symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, or tingling appear, your body stores may already be running low! 12 

Beyond Basics: Supplements Your Multivitamin Can't Replace 

Vitamin D, omega-3s, magnesium, and B12 are your nutritional essentials. But once the basics are covered, science has a few more tricks on its sleeve! 

The next group of supplements go beyond filling nutrient gaps to support healthy aging, cellular energy, antioxidant defense, and long-term wellness. 

Tocotrienols: The MVP of the Vitamin E Family 

Most of us never give vitamin E a second thought. But here's something surprising! Vitamin E isn't a single nutrient. It has eight different forms, and tocotrienols are among the most researched for healthy aging. 

One of the richest natural sources of tocotrienols is annatto, a tropical plant that provides delta- and gamma-tocotrienols without tocopherols, making it a preferred source in many clinical studies.  

Unlike the more common tocopherols found in many vitamin E supplements, tocotrienols have a unique molecular structure that allows them to have 50X stronger antioxidant properties as compared to the store-bought vitamin E or the common form added in cheaper multivitamins 

This has tocotrienols as a growing area of interest for researchers studying oxidative stress, cardiovascular health, brain health, and healthy aging. 

Who may benefit? 

  • Adults looking to support healthy aging  

  • Individuals seeking antioxidant support  

  • People interested in supporting heart and brain health  

  • People exposed to higher oxidative stress, such as athletes, smokers, or those with frequent sun exposure 

  • Those looking for a superior and more advanced tocotrienol-rich form of vitamin E  

Research Snapshot 

Human clinical studies suggest that annatto-derived tocotrienols may help reduce markers of oxidative stress and inflammation while supporting cardiovascular health. Emerging research also points to its amazing potential and benefits for healthy aging and brain health, although larger clinical trials are still needed 13 

Geranylgeraniol: The Nutrient Elon Musk Would Probably Name a Baby 

Don't let the name intimidate you! This compound plays an important role in cellular energy production, muscle function, protein synthesis, and maintaining healthy mitochondria, the tiny powerhouses that keep your cells running.  

While your body naturally produces geranylgeraniol, research suggests that production of GG declines as you age. Scientists are now exploring whether restoring GG levels can help support healthy aging, muscle health, and overall cellular function.  

Who may benefit? 

  • Adults interested in healthy aging  

  • Older adults (50+) 

  • People looking to support muscle health and cellular energy  

  • People taking cholesterol-lowering statins who experience muscle soreness/aches 

  • Those seeking additional mitochondrial support  

Research Snapshot 

Emerging research suggests that geranylgeraniol may help support muscle function and mitochondrial health, particularly in the context of statin-associated muscle symptoms. However, most evidence comes from preclinical studies and early clinical research, and larger human trials are still needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn 14 

Did You Know? 

Your body naturally makes geranylgeraniol, but like collagen and CoQ10, production appears to decline with age. That's one reason it's becoming an exciting area of healthy aging research.

Ubiquinol: The Power Behind the Powerhouse of Your Cells 

Ever feel like your phone hits 1% battery before the day is over? Your cells aren't very different. They need a constant supply of energy to power everything from your heartbeat to your muscles, and ubiquinol helps make that happen. 

Ubiquinol is the active, antioxidant form of CoQ10 that helps your cells produce energy inside the mitochondria. It also helps protect cells from oxidative stress, making it important for high energy demands of organs such as the heart and brain. 

CoQ10 levels in our bodies decline with age and may also be reduced in people taking statin medications.  

That's why ubiquinol supplementation is often considered by older adults and individuals looking to support cellular energy and cardiovascular health.  

Who may benefit? 

  • Adults over 40 years of age  

  • People taking statin medications (under medical guidance) 15 

  • Individuals looking to support heart health  

  • Adults interested in healthy aging  

  • People seeking additional cellular energy support  

Research Snapshot 

Clinical research suggests that ubiquinol supplementation helps improve CoQ10 status and support heart health, particularly if you are 50+ and people with lower CoQ10 levels. It also shows promise to support everyday energy levels by helping mitochondria function efficiently. 16 

Astaxanthin: The Antioxidant That Loves Your Skin, Eyes & Cells. 

Ever wondered why salmon, flamingos, and shrimp have that gorgeous pink-red color? The answer is astaxanthin, a naturally occurring antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative stress. 

Astaxanthin belongs to the carotenoid family and has attracted growing scientific interest for its potential role in supporting eye health, skin health, exercise recovery, and healthy aging 

Unlike many antioxidants, it works in multiple parts of the cell, helping defend against oxidative damage 17 

People exposed to high levels of physical stress, frequent sun exposure, intense exercise like weight and strength training, or those simply looking to support healthy aging may benefit from astaxanthin supplementation. 

Who may benefit? 

  • Adults interested in healthy aging  

  • People with active lifestyles  

  • People exposed to everyday oxidative stress, such as frequent sun exposure, intense exercise, or air pollution 

Research Snapshot 

Clinical studies suggest that astaxanthin supplementation may help reduce markers of oxidative stress while supporting skin elasticity, eye comfort, and exercise recovery. Although findings are encouraging, benefits vary depending on the dose and study population. 18 

Molecular Hydrogen: Your Trainer Counts Reps. Science Counts Recovery.  

Hydrogen is the smallest molecule in the universe, but recently it has sparked some of the biggest conversations in nutrition research! 

Scientists are studying molecular hydrogen for one unique reason: it appears to selectively neutralize harmful free radicals while leaving beneficial ones alone, something many conventional antioxidants don't do.  

Because of its tiny size, molecular hydrogen can diffuse rapidly throughout the body and into cells. Researchers believe it may help reduce oxidative stress and support healthy cellular function.  

While science is still evolving, it has attracted growing interest in its potential role in exercise recovery, metabolic health, brain health, and healthy aging.  

Who may benefit? 

  • Adults looking for more antioxidant support  

  • People with active lifestyles including gym enthusiasts and athletes 

  • Adults seeking support for exercise recovery  

  • People looking to support overall cellular wellness  

Research Snapshot 

Human clinical studies suggest that molecular hydrogen may help reduce markers of oxidative stress and inflammation while supporting exercise recovery and certain aspects of metabolic health. However, the evidence is still emerging, and larger, long-term human trials are needed before definitive conclusions can be made. 19.

Did You Know?

Not all free radicals are bad. Your body actually uses some of them for normal cell signaling and immune function. Molecular hydrogen has attracted scientific interest because it appears to selectively neutralize the most damaging free radicals while preserving the ones involved in healthy cellular processes. 20 

Should You Get Tested Before Taking Supplements? 

Yes, you must get your bloodwork done before you take supplements like candy! While many nutrients are safe when taken appropriately, more isn't always better. Before starting long-term supplementation: 

  • Get blood work for nutrients like vitamin D, vitamin B12, and iron when deficiency is suspected.  

  • Tell your healthcare provider about any medications you're taking, since supplements can interact with certain drugs.  

  • Stick to evidence-based dosages rather than assuming higher doses to provide greater benefits.  

  • Choose products that have been independently tested for quality and purity.

These simple tips can help you avoid unnecessary supplements and make it easier to choose the best supplements for your unique health needs and nutritional gaps. 

Which Supplement Fits Your Goals? 

The answer depends on your individual health needs. Some supplements help fill nutritional gaps, while others provide targeted support. Use this table to compare their benefits, who they're best suited for, and the current strength of the evidence. 

Supplement 

Best Known For 

Who May Benefit 

Current Evidence 

Vitamin D 

Bone, muscle & immune health 

People with low vitamin D levels, limited sun exposure, older adults 

Strong 

Omega-3 Fatty Acids 

Heart & brain health 

Adults with low fish intake, people with cardiovascular risk 

Strong 

Magnesium 

Muscle, nerve & sleep support 

Low dietary intake, older adults, people with GI disorders 

Strong 

Vitamin B12 

Energy metabolism & nerve health 

Vegetarians, vegans, adults over 50, people with poor absorption 

Strong 

Tocotrienol 

Healthy aging & antioxidant support 

Adults seeking healthy aging support 

Promising 

Geranylgeraniol (GG) 

Muscle & mitochondrial health 

Older adults, statin users (under medical guidance) 

Emerging 

Ubiquinol (CoQ10) 

Cellular energy & heart health 

Adults over 40, statin users 

Moderate to Strong 

Astaxanthin 

Skin, eye & antioxidant support 

Active adults, people exposed to oxidative stress 

Promising 

Molecular Hydrogen 

Cellular antioxidant support 

Adults interested in advanced wellness support 

Emerging 

Think of this table as your starting point, not your shopping list! The best supplement depends on your individual needs, health goals, and if there's enough clinical evidence to support taking it. 

Choosing the Right Supplement: 5 Easy Steps 

Choosing the right supplement doesn't have to feel overwhelmed. Instead of buying products based on trends, follow this simple roadmap.

These five steps can help you identify what your body actually needs, avoid unnecessary supplements, and make more informed decisions before you buy your next bottle!

One Last Thing: Before You Pick That Next Bottle... 

Don't let Instagram reel become your healthcare provider. The smartest supplement routine starts with evidence, not algorithms. Test first, supplement second, and let your body's bloodwork report be the deciding factor of what earns a place in your cabinet. 

If you want to pick supplements more confidently, choose them based on your nutritional deficiencies, your everyday diet, and the available scientific evidence 

Before you build your next wellness routine, flip the bottle around. The front label sells the promise, but the back label tells the real story.  

Look for clinically studied ingredients, transparent labeling, third-party testing, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The fewer unnecessary fillers, artificial colors, and mystery ingredients, the better your chances of choosing a supplement that's built on quality, not just shrewd marketing gimmicks! 

Frequently Asked Questions 

  1. Can I take multiple supplements together? 

Yes, but not every supplement pairs well with another. For example, calcium can reduce iron absorption, while vitamin K may interact with blood thinners. When in doubt, double-check before combining them. 

  1. Is it okay to take supplements every day? 

That depends on the supplement and why you're taking it. Some are meant for daily use, while others should only be taken if you have a specific need or deficiency. 

  1. Can coffee or tea affect supplement absorption? 

Yes. Coffee and tea may reduce the absorption of certain nutrients, like B12 and iron. If you're taking supplements, it's often a good idea to leave a little time between your beverage and your dose. 21 22 

  1. How long should I keep taking supplements? 

It depends on your health goals and whether you're correcting a deficiency or maintaining healthy nutrient levels. Regular follow-ups and getting bloodwork done at preferably every 3-4 months will give you a clearer picture of how your deficiencies fare. Consulting with your healthcare provider can help determine if you still need it. 

References 

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Dietary Supplement Use Among Adults: United States, 2017–2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db399.htm 

  1. Manson JE, Bassuk SS. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: What Clinicians Need to Know. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M19-0341 

  1. Sizar O, Khare S, Goyal A, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532266/ 

  1. Holick MF. Vitamin D Deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007;357:266–281. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp1009570 

  1. Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra070553 

  1. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Omega-3 Fatty Acids – Health Professional Fact Sheet. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/ 

  1. Lane KE, Derbyshire EJ, Li W, Brennan C. Algal Oil as a Sustainable Source of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Nutrients. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36103100/ 

  1. National Institutes of Health. Magnesium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ 

  1. Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41096614/ 

  1. Mah JY, et al. Magnesium Supplementation and Sleep: A Systematic Review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35184264/ 

  1. O'Leary F, Samman S. Vitamin B12 in Health and Disease. Nutrients. 2010. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22254022/ 

  1. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B12 Fact Sheet for Consumers. https://ods.od.nih.gov/pdf/factsheets/vitaminb12-consumer.pdf 

  1. Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. Tocotrienols: The Emerging Face of Natural Vitamin E. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8301652/ 

  1. Orringer CE, Jacobson TA, Maki KC, et al. Assessment and Management of Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS): A Clinical Perspective from the National Lipid Association. https://www.lipidjournal.com/article/S1933-2874(22)00264-2/fulltext 

  1. Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S, et al. Geranylgeraniol, Muscle Function, and Mitochondrial Health: Current Evidence. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38046949/ 

  1. Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) Supplementation and Cardiometabolic Health: An Updated Review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41604113/ 

  1. Littarru GP, Tiano L. Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10: An Update. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2014. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3917265/ 

  1. Bjørklund G, Gasmi A, Lenchyk L, et al. The Role of Astaxanthin as a Nutraceutical in Health and Age-Related Conditions. Molecules. 2022. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9655540/ 

  1. LeBaron TW, et al. The Effects of 24-Week High-Concentration Hydrogen-Rich Water on Body Composition, Blood Lipid Profiles, and Inflammation Biomarkers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Medical Gas Research. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32273740/ 

  1. Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, et al. Hydrogen Acts as a Therapeutic Antioxidant by Selectively Reducing Cytotoxic Oxygen Radicals. Nature Medicine. 2007;13(6):688–694. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17486089/ 

  1. Von Siebenthal HK, Moretti D, Zimmermann MB. Effect of Dietary Factors and Time of Day on Iron Absorption from Oral Iron Supplements in Iron-Deficient Women. The Lancet Haematology. 2023;10(6):e398–e406. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37357807/ 

  1. Piskin E, Cianciosi D, Gulec S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E. Iron Absorption: Factors, Limitations, and Improvement Methods. ACS Omega. 2022;7(24):20441–20456. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9219084/

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Is Your Gut Unhealthy? 10 Symptoms to Watch for And How to Heal

Have you ever had a gut feeling that something wasn’t quite right—literally? Your gut plays a vital role in how you feel every day, from digestion and energy to mood and immunity. Yet, it’s often overlooked until something goes wrong. 

This article explores the 10 signs of an unhealthy gut and offers practical tips that may support better digestive balance. Whether you're dealing with bloating or feeling unusually fatigued, your gut could be trying to tell you something. 

Let’s get real about what that looks like. 

The 10 Signs of an Unhealthy Gut 

Your gut houses trillions of microbes that influence digestion, immunity, mood, and more. When that balance goes off, y ou may notice the following 

1. You’re Always Bloated and Struggling with Gas 

A little gas is totally normal—it may happen when you swallow air. But if you’re feeling bloated after every meal, or the gas just won’t quit, it could mean your gut is having trouble keeping things balanced or digesting certain foods properly. 

Myth Buster: Bloating isn't always about "eating too much." It can also be due to how your gut processes carbs and fibers. 

2. Bathroom Habits Are... All Over the Place 

Are you going too often? Not going at all. Diarrhea, constipation, or irregular bowel movements could point to poor digestion or a disrupted gut microbiome (the good and bad bugs living in your gut) 

Fun Fact: A healthy gut usually means 2–3 smooth, easy-to-pass bowel movements a day. Graphic? Maybe. But important? Definitely. 

3. You Get Sick More Than Most 

Over 70% of your immune system lives in your gut. If you're catching every cold that goes around, your gut may not be pulling its weight in defending your body. 

Studies suggest that gut microbiota plays a key role in immune balance and response. 

4. You Constantly Crave Sugar 

Certain gut bacteria thrive on sugar—and they can actually influence your cravings to get more of it. When you consume a lot of sugar or sweeteners, it alters the balance of microbes in your gut, sometimes encouraging the growth of less-friendly bacteria that push you to reach for that next sweet treat. 

5. You’re Always Tired (Even After 8 Hours of Sleep) 

Poor nutrient absorption or inflammation in the gut can make you feel drained. Your body’s not getting what it needs from food—even if your diet seems “healthy.” 

Fun Fact: Nearly half of the people with gut issues report feeling unusually tired, even with proper sleep. 

6. Your Skin's Breaking Out More Than Usual 

Fun Fact: This connection is called the gut-skin axis—and some research supports the link between gut imbalances and skin issues. 

7. You're Feeling More Anxious or Moody 

The gut is often called the “second brain” because it produces over 90% of your serotoninthat’s your mood-stabilizing chemical. 

Myth Buster! 

Myth : The only reason for my anxiety are my thoughts? 

Reality check: Feeling anxious doesn't always start in the brain. It can start in the belly. 

8. You Have Trouble Sleeping 

A troubled gut can affect the production of melatonin (your sleep-regulating hormone). If you’re wide awake at 3 a.m. thinking about laundry or life’s big questions, your gut could be playing a part. 

Fun Fact: About 400 times more melatonin is produced in your gut than in your brain, according to a study. 

9. Your Breath is… Not So Great 

If your breath stays bad even after brushing, your gut might be behind it. Conditions like gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)—where stomach acid moves back up—can cause chronic bad breath alongside other tummy troubles. 

Do You Know? 

There’s even a medical term for gut-related bad breath—halitosis linked to “oral-gut axis” issues. (Yes, your mouth and gut are on speaking terms!) 

10. You React to Foods You Used to Love 

Remember when cheese was your best friend and bread your soulmate? If they now leave you bloated or uncomfortable, your gut might be out of sync. Research suggests that gut imbalances—possibly from repeated infections early in life—may increase food sensitivities over time, even in people without strong genetic predispositions. 

Myth Buster! 

Myth: Are food sensitivities always caused by food allergies? 

Truth: Food sensitivities don’t always mean an allergy. They can be a sign that your gut lining is irritated or your bacterial balance is off. 

What Can You Do? 5 Gut-Friendly Habits to Start Today 

You don’t need a complete lifestyle overhaul. Small changes add up! 

1. Eat More Fiber 

Fiber feeds your good gut bacteria. Think: leafy greens, oats, chia seeds, lentils. (Yes, your grandma was right about veggies). A review study shows that high-fiber diets may support gut microbial diversity and function. 

2. Add a Probiotic 

Research suggests probiotics may help maintain healthy digestion by supporting microbial diversity. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting a new supplement, especially if you have a medical condition. 

3. Cut the Sugar and Processed Food (Just a Bit) 

You don’t have to quit cold turkey—but reducing added sugars can starve the “bad” bacteria and let the good guys thrive. Swap soda for sparkling water and chips for nuts. 

4. Manage Stress 

Chronic stress may affect your gut microbiome and digestion. Try stress-relieving practices like: 

  • Deep breathing 

  • Meditation 

  • Gentle exercise like walking or yoga 

5. Sleep Like It’s Your Job 

Aim for 7–9 hours. Quality rest gives your gut time to repair and reset. 

The Bottom Line  

Your body has its own way of dropping hints—especially when your gut is out of balance. These 10 signs of an unhealthy gut aren’t just random annoyances; they’re clues that something deeper might be going on. The good news? A few everyday changes can go a long way. Eat better, manage stress, get good sleep, and your gut will thank you. A healthier gut can help you feel more like yourself—inside and out. 

Key Takeaways 

  • Your gut talks—bloating, fatigue, cravings, and skin issues could all be signals. 

  • The 10 signs of an unhealthy gut are real and worth listening to. 

  • Your gut affects your immune system, mood, energy, and even sleep. 

  • Evidence based lifestyle changes like eating fiber, managing stress, and taking a quality probiotic may support gut balance. 

  • Don’t ignore gut health—it’s foundational to feeling good from the inside out. 

References 

1] Gut microbiome communication: the gut-organ axis. ASM.org. (2023) Available at: https://asm.org:443/articles/2023/january/gut-microbiome-communication-the-gut-organ-axis (Accessed May 27, 2025) 

2] Symptoms & causes of gas in the digestive tract - niddk. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (No date b). Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gas-digestive-tract/symptoms-causes (Accessed May 27, 2025) 

3] Iancu MA, Profir M, Roşu OA, Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM, Gaspar BS. (2023) Revisiting the intestinal microbiome and its role in diarrhea and constipation. Microorganisms. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10538221/ (Accessed May 27, 2025) 

4] Healthdirect Australia. What your poo (stool) says about your health. Healthdirect Australia. (2023).Available at: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blog/what-your-poo-says-about-your-health (Accessed May 27, 2025)  

5] Wiertsema SP, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ. (2021) The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies. Nutrients. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8001875/ 

(Accessed May 27, 2025) 

6] Li Z, Xiong W, Liang Z, et al. (2024) Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy. Journal of Hematology & Oncology. Available at: https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-024-01541-w (Accessed May 27, 2025) 

7] Rienzi SCD, Britton RA. (2020 ) Adaptation of the Gut Microbiota to Modern Dietary Sugars and Sweeteners. Advances in Nutrition. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831322002885 

(Accessed May 27, 2025) 

8] Boolani A, Gallivan KM, Ondrak KS, et al. (2022) Trait Energy and Fatigue May Be Connected to Gut Bacteria among Young Physically Active Adults: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8839554/ 

 (Accessed May 27, 2025) 

9] Chaudhry TS, Senapati SG, Gadam S, et al. (2023) The Impact of Microbiota on the Gut–Brain Axis: Examining the Complex Interplay and Implications. Journal of Clinical Medicine. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10455396/ 

(Accessed May 27, 2025) 

10] Barandouzi ZA, Lee J, del Carmen Rosas M, et al. (2022) Associations of neurotransmitters and the gut microbiome with emotional distress in mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome. Scientific Reports. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05756-0 (Accessed May 27, 2025) 

11] Neroni B, Evangelisti M, Radocchia G, et al. (2021) Relationship between sleep disorders and gut dysbiosis: what affects what? Sleep Medicine. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389945721004354 

(Accessed May 27, 2025) 

12] Caminero A, Meisel M, Jabri B, Verdu EF. (2018) Mechanisms by which gut microorganisms influence food sensitivities. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6767923/ (Accessed May 27, 2025) 

13] Maftei NM, Raileanu CR, Balta AA, et al. (2024) The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties. Microorganisms. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/234 

(Accessed May 27, 2025) 

14] Madison A, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. (2019) Stress, depression, diet, and the gut microbiota: human–bacteria interactions at the core of psychoneuroimmunology and nutrition. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7213601/ 

 

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7 Gut-Friendly Healthy Summer Recipes Using Seasonal Ingredients

TL; DR 
  • Your gut works differently in summer and your diet should too 

  • The right seasonal produce can ease bloating and support digestion naturally 

  • Probiotics feed your gut. Prebiotics feed the probiotics. You need both. 

  • These 7 recipes cover breakfast to dinner, no meal plan needed 

  • One small swap a day is enough to feel the difference. 

Nobody warns you that summer is one of the hardest seasons on your gut. It can quietly disrupt your digestion, not with big but many small changes. 

The heat, the irregular meal times, eating on the go between beach trips and cookouts, not drinking enough water because you forgot, or because the drinks at the party weren't water. It all adds up, and your stomach lets you know by evening. 

The frustrating part is that you're probably making decent food choices. And you still feel bloated, sluggish, and uncomfortable by the end of the day. That's because eating healthy and eating gut-friendly aren't always the same thing, especially in summer, when dehydration, disrupted routines, and heavier outdoor meals change how your digestive system actually functions. 

What your gut needs in summer is a little different from the rest of the year. And it starts with what you put on your plate.

These 7 healthy summer recipes are built around peak seasonal produce, the kind that naturally supports digestion, reduces bloating, and keeps you feeling light even on the hottest days. Here's what to eat, why it works, and how to make it. 

How Summer Affects Your Digestive Health 

  1. Heat Affects How Your Body Digests Food 

When temperatures rise, your body works harder to regulate its core temperature, and digestion can take a back seat. For some people, this shows up as a feeling of heaviness or sluggishness after meals, even when they haven't overeaten. Dehydration, reduced appetite, and changes in routine all play a role too. 1  

  1. Dehydration is the Hidden Culprit 

Even mild fluid loss dries out your gut lining and makes it harder for food to move smoothly. 2 In summer, it's easy to fall behind on water without realizing it. That alone can contribute to bloating, sluggishness, and irregular digestion, even when your meals are perfectly fine. 

  1. Your Routine Falls Apart 

Cookouts, drinks, processed snacks, and eat fast while standing up. All of it disrupts your gut microbiome, the community of bacteria that controls how well you digest food, absorb nutrients, and even how clearly you think in the afternoon.  

Good to Know: Summer also gives you the best digestion-friendly foods to fix exactly this, and that's what the gut-friendly recipes ahead are built around. 

What's In Season Right Now and Why It Matters for Your Gut 

Most gut-friendly recipes online treat summer as one big season. But it isn't. What's at peak in June is completely different from August. And peak produce means more fiber, more nutrients, and more of the specific compounds your gut bacteria actually thrive on. 

Here's your month-by-month guide: 

June: Berries & Zucchini 

Best picks: Blueberries, strawberries, blackberries, cherries 

  • Berries are loaded with polyphenols, plant compounds that feed beneficial gut bacteria. They're also among the best summer fruits that improve digestion without irritating a sensitive stomach.  

  • Zucchini is June's underrated gut hero. Mild, easy to digest, and one of the safest vegetables for anyone dealing with bloating or bowel discomfort. 

July: Peaches, Heirloom Tomatoes & Sweet Corn 

Best picks: Peaches, plums, heirloom tomatoes, sweet corn 

  • Peaches and stone fruits are rich in prebiotic fiber, the kind that feeds the good bacteria already living in your gut.  

  • Fresh sweet corn adds insoluble fiber that keeps digestion moving regularly. It's one of the most underrated digestion-friendly foods of the whole season. 

  • One rule for tomatoes: Buy local. Commercially shipped tomatoes are picked underripe and lose significant nutrition in transit. A ripe July heirloom from your farmers market is a completely different ingredient, in flavor and in gut value. 

August: Watermelon, Cucumber & Eggplant 

Best picks: Watermelon, Persian cucumbers, eggplant 

By August, hydration becomes your gut's biggest need.  

  • Watermelon is 92% water and helps maintain the internal hydration that keeps gut motility smooth and comfortable. 

  • Cucumbers are cooling, gentle on digestion, and perfect for quick pickling. Pickling is one of the simplest ways to add live probiotic cultures to your summer meals with no special equipment needed. 

  • Eggplant often gets overlooked, but it's one of the best gut-friendly meal ingredients of late summer. Rich in prebiotic fiber and antioxidants. Grill it, roast it, or blend into a dip.

Your Farmers Market Gut-Health Checklist 
  • Blueberries or blackberries: polyphenols + prebiotic fiber 

  • Peak peaches: prebiotic fiber + vitamin C 

  • Heirloom tomatoes: local pick, maximum nutrition 

  • Fresh sweet corn: insoluble prebiotic fiber 

  • Persian cucumbers: for quick pickling + hydration 

  • Fresh garlic and basil: prebiotic + anti-inflammatory 

  • Watermelon: gut hydration + microbiome support 

The Gut Health Basics You Need to Know Before You Cook 

Before we get to the recipes, here are four things worth knowing. 

  1. Probiotics: Live beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, kimchi, miso. They restore gut balance and reduce digestive discomfort. 

  1. Prebiotics: Fiber that feeds your gut bacteria. Garlic, onions, corn, and most summer fruits are naturally prebiotic-rich. No prebiotics, no results. 

  1. Anti-inflammatory foods: Berries, olive oil, ginger, salmon actively calm gut inflammation. Essential for anyone dealing with bloating, upset stomach, or bowel discomfort. 

  1. The gut-brain link: About 90% of your body's serotonin is produced in your gut. 4 Research suggests that an imbalanced gut microbiome may contribute to symptoms beyond digestion, including low energy and difficulty concentrating, though this relationship is still being studied.

7 Healthy Summer Recipes Your Gut Will Thank You For 

These recipes cover your full day, breakfast through dinner, using what's actually in season right now. Every single one is built around ingredients that support digestion, reduce bloating, and keep your gut microbiome happy all summer long. 

Recipe 1: Peach & Kefir Smoothie Bowl 

Breakfast | 10 minutes 

Ingredients: 

  • 1 cup plain full-fat kefir 

  • 1 large ripe peach, sliced 

  • ½ cup fresh blueberries 

  • 1 tbsp ground flaxseed 

  • 1 tbsp chia seeds 

  • 1 tbsp raw honey 

  • ¼ cup low-sugar granola 

  • Fresh mint to garnish 

Method: 

  • Blend kefir, half the peach, and half the blueberries until smooth. 

  • Pour into bowls. 

  • Top with remaining peach, blueberries, flaxseed, chia seeds, and granola. 

  • Drizzle with honey, finish with fresh mint. 

Tip: Always buy full-fat kefir. Live cultures survive longer and keep you fuller through the morning. 

Why your gut loves it:  

  • Kefir delivers more diverse probiotic strains than almost any other food.  

  • Peak-season peaches add prebiotic fiber and vitamin C. 

  • Flaxseed brings soluble fiber that feeds gut bacteria for hours after breakfast. 

Recipe 2: Blueberry Chia Overnight Oats 

Make-Ahead Breakfast | 5 minutes + overnight 

Ingredients: 

  • ½ cup rolled oats 

  • ¾ cup unsweetened almond milk 

  • 2 tbsp chia seeds 

  • ¼ cup plain live yogurt 

  • ½ cup fresh blueberries 

  • 1 tbsp honey 

  • ½ tsp vanilla extract 

Method: 

  • Stir oats, chia seeds, milk, honey, and vanilla together in a mason jar. 

  • Add blueberries and stir gently. 

  • Top with a dollop of live yogurt. 

  • Seal and refrigerate overnight. 

  • Stir in the morning, add toppings, and eat cold. 

Tip: This recipe is genuinely gut-friendly for kids too. Let them pick their own toppings and they'll eat it every time. Make five jars on Sunday and your gut-healthy breakfasts are sorted through Thursday. 

Why your gut loves it:  

  • Oats provide beta-glucan, a soluble fiber proven to feed beneficial gut bacteria. 5 

  • Chia seeds slow digestion and sustain gut bacteria through the morning. 

  • Live yogurt adds probiotics. 

Recipe 3: Heirloom Tomato & Corn Grain Bowl with Miso Dressing 

Lunch | 20 minutes 

Ingredients: 

  • 1½ cups cooked farro or brown rice, cooled 

  • 2 large heirloom tomatoes, sliced 

  • 1 ear fresh sweet corn, kernels cut off 

  • 1 ripe avocado, sliced 

  • Fresh basil leaves 

  • 2 tbsp toasted pepitas 

Miso dressing: 

  • 1 tbsp white miso paste 

  • 1 tbsp lemon juice 

  • 1 tbsp olive oil 

  • 1 tsp rice vinegar 

  • 1 small garlic clove, grated 

  • 2-3 tbsp warm water to thin 

Method: 

  • Whisk miso dressing ingredients until smooth. 

  • Divide farro between two bowls. 

  • Layer on tomatoes, corn, and avocado. 

  • Drizzle with miso dressing. 

  • Top with fresh basil and pepitas. 

Tip: Never heat miso above 115°F. It destroys the live probiotic cultures that make it valuable for digestive health. 

Why your gut loves it:  

  • This bowl is a synbiotic meal, probiotics from the miso dressing, prebiotics from the corn and garlic.  

  • Cooled farro adds resistant starch, a fiber that bypasses digestion entirely and feeds your gut bacteria directly.6 

Recipe 4: Watermelon & Feta Salad with Kombucha Vinaigrette 

Lunch or Side | 10 minutes 

Ingredients: 

  • 4 cups cubed seedless watermelon 

  • ½ cup crumbled feta 

  • ½ English cucumber, thinly sliced 

  • Fresh mint leaves 

Kombucha vinaigrette: 

  • 3 tbsp plain or ginger kombucha 

  • 1 tbsp olive oil 

  • 1 tbsp fresh lime juice 

  • 1 tsp honey 

  • Pinch of sea salt and chili flakes 

Method: 

  1. Whisk vinaigrette ingredients together. 

  1. Arrange watermelon, cucumber, and feta on a wide plate. 

  1. Drizzle vinaigrette over the top. 

  1. Scatter mint leaves and serve immediately. 

Tip: Use plain or ginger kombucha only. Heavily sweetened varieties reduce the probiotic benefit and overpower the salad. 

Why your gut loves it: 

  • Watermelon hydrates your gut lining from the inside out. 

  • The kombucha vinaigrette adds live probiotic cultures to a dish that looks and tastes like pure summer.  

  • Feta adds a secondary probiotic layer as a naturally fermented cheese. 

Recipe 5: Grilled Salmon Skewers with Garlic-Herb Marinade 

Dinner | 25 minutes 

Ingredients: 

  • 1.5 lbs fresh salmon, cut into chunks 

  • 2 small zucchini, sliced 

  • 1 cup cherry tomatoes 

  • 1 large bell pepper, cut into pieces 

  • Fresh parsley and dill to finish 

Marinade: 

  • 3 tbsp olive oil 

  • 3 cloves garlic, minced 

  • Juice of 1 large lemon 

  • 1 tsp dried oregano 

  • ½ tsp smoked paprika 

  • Salt and black pepper 

Method: 

  1. Whisk marinade, coat salmon and vegetables, rest 30 minutes. 

  1. Thread salmon and vegetables alternately onto skewers. 

  1. Grill over medium-high heat 3-4 minutes per side. 

  1. Finish with fresh herbs and serve immediately 

Tip: Don't skip the marinade rest time. Citrus-based marinades significantly reduce the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), compounds formed during high-heat grilling that can irritate the gut lining. 3 

Why your gut loves it:  

  • Salmon is one of the most powerful anti-inflammatory gut healing proteins you can eat. Its omega-3 fatty acids directly reduce gut inflammation. 

  • Garlic is a prebiotic superstar. 

  • The citrus marinade helps reduce harmful compounds that form during high-heat grilling. 

Recipe 6: Elote-Style Grilled Corn Salad with Yogurt-Lime Drizzle 

Dinner Side | 15 minutes 

Ingredients: 

  • 4 ears fresh sweet corn 

  • ½ cup full-fat plain Greek yogurt 

  • Juice and zest of 1 lime 

  • ½ tsp smoked paprika 

  • ¼ tsp garlic powder 

  • ¼ cup crumbled cotija or feta 

  • Fresh cilantro, chopped 

  • 1 small jalapeño, finely diced 

  • Olive oil, salt, and pepper 

Method: 

  1. Brush corn with olive oil, season, and grill directly over medium-high heat 10-12 minutes, turning until charred in spots. 

  1. Mix yogurt, lime juice, zest, paprika, and garlic powder into a smooth drizzle. 

  1. Cut kernels from the cob into a bowl. 

  1. Drizzle with yogurt-lime sauce, scatter cotija, cilantro, and jalapeño. 

  1. Finish with an extra squeeze of lime 

Tip: The char is everything here, don't rush it. Slightly caramelized corn has deeper flavor and more resistant starch than boiled corn. 

Why your gut loves it:  

  • Fresh sweet corn is one of summer's best prebiotic foods. 

  • The Greek yogurt drizzle adds a probiotic layer, making this a synbiotic side dish that delivers both pre and probiotics in every bite.  

  • A cookout staple, made genuinely gut-friendly. 

Recipe 7: Refrigerator Quick Pickles 

Snack or Side | 10 minutes + 24 hours 

Ingredients: 

  • 4-5 Persian cucumbers, sliced into coins or spears 

  • 3 cloves garlic, lightly crushed 

  • A generous handful of fresh dill 

  • 1 tsp red pepper flakes 

  • 1 cup white wine vinegar or apple cider vinegar 

  • 1 cup filtered water 

  • 1 tbsp kosher salt 

  • 1 tsp sugar 

Method: 

  1. Pack cucumbers, garlic, dill, and red pepper flakes into a clean mason jar. 

  1. Whisk vinegar, water, salt, and sugar until dissolved. 

  1. Pour brine over cucumbers until fully submerged. 

  1. Seal, cool to room temperature, then refrigerate. 

  1. Ready after 24 hours, better after 3-5 days 

Tip: Persian cucumbers stay crunchier in brine than regular cucumbers. Use them every time for best results. 

Why your gut loves it: 

  • Vinegar quick pickles are gentle on digestion and a great low-calorie snack. 

  • Garlic adds inulin, one of the best-studied prebiotic fibers. 

Bonus Recipes: 4 Quick Gut-Friendly Summer Drinks 

Pair these with any recipe above, or sip on their own between meals. 

  • Kombucha Lemonade: One part plain kombucha, one part fresh-squeezed lemonade, over ice. Probiotic plus vitamin C, no added sugar needed. 

  • Kefir Mango Lassi: Blend ½ cup kefir, ½ cup frozen mango, a pinch of cardamom, and a squeeze of lime. Cooling, probiotic, and genuinely addictive. 

  • Ginger-Mint Infused Water: Sliced fresh ginger, mint, and cucumber in a pitcher of cold water, refrigerated overnight. Ginger is well known for calming digestion and easing nausea. 

  • DIY Prebiotic Berry Shrub: Muddle blueberries with apple cider vinegar and a touch of honey. Top with sparkling water. A homemade prebiotic soda that costs almost nothing. 

The Bottom Line 

You don't need a meal plan or a list of rules to keep your gut healthy. Just a few swaps, live yogurt instead of a heavy dressing, fresh blueberries instead of a sugary snack, water instead of another soda. 

That's really what these healthy summer recipes are about. Food that works with your gut, not against it.  

Start simple: Pick one recipe from this list and make it this week. If you're not sure where to begin, the overnight oats take five minutes tonight and breakfast is sorted for tomorrow. That's it. One recipe, one step, and your gut will already be getting something it needs. 

References: 

  1. Marriott, B. M. (1993). Effects of Heat on Appetite. In Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236229/ 

  1. Roca Rubio, M. F., Eriksson, U., Brummer, R. J., & König, J. (2021). Sauna dehydration as a new physiological challenge model for intestinal barrier function. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 15514. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8324874/ 

  1. American Institute for Cancer Research. (2022, July 21). Practicing safe grilling can reduce cancer risk, experts say. AICR https://www.aicr.org/news/practicing-safe-grilling-can-reduce-cancer-risk-experts-say/ 

  1. UCLA Health Sciences. (2019, September 5). Study shows how serotonin and a popular anti-depressant affect the gut's microbiota. UCLA Newsroom. https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/serotonin-prozac-gut-microbiota 

  1. Xu, D., Feng, M., Chu, Y., Wang, S., Shete, V., Tuohy, K. M., ... & Yang, Y. (2021). The prebiotic effects of oats on blood lipids, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects compared with rice: a randomized, controlled trial. Frontiers in immunology, 12, 787797. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8697019/ 

  1. Chen, Z., Liang, N., Zhang, H., Li, H., Guo, J., Zhang, Y., ... & Shi, N. (2024). Resistant starch and the gut microbiome: Exploring beneficial interactions and dietary impacts. Food Chemistry: X, 21, 101118. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819196/

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