Thyroid Health: Expert Strategies to Support Women's Thyroid

When your thyroid gland is functioning properly, releasing normal levels of thyroid hormone, it is called Euthyroid.

Also Read: 7 Signs of Hormonal Imbalance and How to Fix It

Types of Thyroid Disorders

When this coordination is impaired, it can affect the thyroid gland's function and lead to thyroid disorders. Below are some of the common types of thyroid disorders in women.

Are You 35+? Here Are the Top 5 Hormonal Changes You Need to Know About

Women Are More Prone to Thyroid Diseases 

Do you know that women are more likely to have thyroid diseases than men? Approximately 1 in 8 women develops thyroid disorders at some point in their lives (Office on Women's Health, 2024)³. Why do thyroid diseases affect women more than men? 

Though thyroid can affect anyone regardless of gender, the biology of women makes them vulnerable with more notable symptoms. 

1. Life-long Hormonal Changes 

A woman's body undergoes a lot of hormonal changes and fluctuations (puberty, menstrual cycling, pregnancy, postpartum, perimenopause/menopause):

• During pregnancy, estrogen increases the liver's production of the carrier protein thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). This increases total thyroid needs (Alemu et al., 2016)⁴. 

• After delivery, the immune system "rebounds" in about 5% to 10% of women, triggering postpartum thyroiditis. This can be a temporary hyperthyroid phase marked by it and is followed by either a euthyroid state with persistent antibodies OR a hypothyroid phase with persistent antibodies (Redmond, 2004)⁵. 

Moreover, thyroid hormones regulate ovulation and the menstrual cycle (Poppe et al., 2007)⁶. So, women with thyroid disorders naturally show more visible signs (compared to men)

Also Read: Does a Balanced Diet Vary in Men Vs. Women

2. The Biological Factor (X-chromosome difference) 

Women's immune responses tend to be stronger. But that also means it's more likely to misfire and make antibodies against the body's own tissues (autoimmunity). 

• Reviews suggest that this gap is attributed to the X chromosome and estrogen signaling in women, which triggers the release of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies (Mammen & Cappola, 2021)⁷. 

• This extra reactivity increases the risk of autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroiditis (Poppe et al., 2007)⁶.  

Important Fact: Studies of the US population have found that thyroid antibodies are almost twice as common in women, and their prevalence increases with age. Older women are more at risk of thyroid disorders than younger folks. 

The flowchart below provides a brief explanation of how thyroid hormones affect women.

Who is At a Greater Risk of Developing Thyroid Disorders 

• Women between 40  and 50, as well as 12 months postpartum, and perimenopause 

• Elderly individuals over 60.

• Individuals with a family history of thyroid disease or autoimmune disease, such as Type 1 diabetes or celiac disease. 

• Overexposure to radiation or radiotherapy to the neck or head. 

• Individuals who have had thyroid surgery 

• Women with a recent pregnancy or childbirth 

Now, let's see how medical experts identify thyroid conditions.

How to Diagnose Thyroid Disorders (And Avoid False Alarms) 

Diagnosing thyroid health is not a single-step process. Your doctor may start by observing frequent symptoms, such as fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, hair thinning, or sensitivity to cold or heat. 

Based on your symptoms, medical history, and a quick physical examination, they may order:

Thyroid Blood Tests

Thyroid Imaging Tests

Note: Generally, the doctor recommends an imaging test in cases of severe thyroid disorders or to detect the presence of lumps/nodules.

Precautions to Take Before You Go for Thyroid Tests 

• Avoid taking high-dose biotin 48-72 hours before thyroid blood tests to minimize interference (Odhaib et al., 2019)⁸. 

• Always keep your thyroid test routine consistent and test at a similar time of day. 

• Don't take thyroid medication before a blood test. 

• Your healthcare provider may suggest fasting before the test for accurate results. 

If you suspect a thyroid disorder or are trying to conceive, you must go for a focused lab panel to confirm your thyroid levels and prevent any further complications. 

Thyroid Medications Your Doctor May Recommend 

If diagnosed with thyroid disorders, your doctor can recommend medication and lifestyle modifications to balance the conditions: 

• Levothyroxine (LT4) for hypothyroidism 

• Methimazole and propylthiouracil for hyperthyroidism 

• Beta blockers to manage symptoms like a rapid heart rate 

Always consult a doctor before starting any prescribed medications or supplements. Don't exceed the recommended doses.

Expert Strategies to Regulate Thyroid Health in Women 

Testing tells you where you are. Treatment gets you back to balance, and daily habits help you stay there. Here are a few expert strategies that regulate thyroid health in women. 

1. Balance Your Diet Naturally, First 

There's no single nutrient or food that can fix thyroid hormone. You must focus on balanced meals in the right proportions. And, when it comes to a balanced diet (in general), here's what you should follow (NIH, 2025)⁹: 

• Eat at least 5 portions of a variety of fruits and vegetables every day. 

• Include dairy or fortified dairy alternatives as a source of iodine and selenium, two nutrients that support healthy thyroid hormone production.

• For base meals, include higher-fibre starches like whole-grain bread, rice, or potatoes. Cruciferous vegetables (like broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower) and soy are often misunderstood, but they’re safe for most people with thyroid issues when eaten in normal amounts, especially when cooked.

• Add protein-rich food like beans, pulses, fish, eggs, and meat. 

• Instead of fatty oils, opt for unsaturated oils and consume them in moderation. 

• Limit your sugar intake and avoid processed foods. 

Read Here: Best and Worst Foods for Hormonal Balance.

2. Proven Nutrition to Support Women's Thyroid Health 

Get your nutritional profile checked, and if you're running low on an essential one, try to fix it: 

• Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and most people meet their needs through iodized salt and seafood. However, too much iodine can be harmful and may trigger or worsen thyroid dysfunction, especially in those with autoimmune thyroid disease (Shulhai et al., 2024)¹⁰. Consult your doctor before taking iodine supplements, regardless of pregnancy or breastfeeding.

• Vitamin D deficiency is common among people with thyroid conditions, especially autoimmune thyroid disease. Supplementation may help reduce antibodies in some studies, but it’s not a stand-alone treatment. You should have your vitamin D levels tested and supplement based on your results under medical guidance (Mammen & Cappola, 2021)^7..

• The thyroid contains high levels of selenium, and research using 200 mcg/day for about 6 months has shown potential benefits in certain autoimmune thyroid conditions. However, results are inconsistent, so discussing supplementation with your doctor is essential (Ventura et al., 2017)¹¹. 

• Zinc is a cofactor in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Your body requires zinc to produce Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH). Low zinc levels can negatively affect thyroid hormones (Maxwell et al., 2007)¹². 

• Omega-3 fatty acids reduce general inflammation. Add anti-inflammatory foods like chia seeds, salmon, and walnuts to your diet (Qazzaz et al., 2020)¹³. 

• Vitamin A supports thyroid–pituitary signaling, and supplementation has been shown to reduce TSH levels in people with a deficiency. However, because vitamin A is fat-soluble and can build up in the body, supplementing without medical guidance carries risks (Saleh et al., 2024)¹⁴. 

Keep in mind that neither excessive intake nor a deficiency of any nutrient is healthy. Consult your doctor or healthcare professional before starting any supplementation. 

3. Take Medications the Right Way 

When following medication instructions, take them as directed for optimal absorption and minimal side effects. 

• Do not start thyroid supplements on your own. Many are easily accessible but can interfere with thyroid function.

• Your doctor will determine the right medication and dose, but it's important to understand the signs of over- or under-medication (like palpitations, anxiety, fatigue, or persistent low energy) so you can report symptoms promptly.

• Take your routine medication at the same time every day for optimal absorption.

• Be aware of the precautions and side effects associated with the drugs. 

• Take thyroid medicines on an empty stomach. 

• Wait for 3 hours before taking iron/calcium/fat-soluble vitamins to avoid possible drug interactions (Wiesner et al., 2021)¹⁵. 

• If absorption is an issue, pairing Vitamin C with LT4 may help. Consult a medical expert (Gwizdak et al., 2024)¹⁶. 

4. Follow Pregnancy Precautions

Pregnant women are more vulnerable to thyroid risks, but there's no one-size-fits-all approach to thyroid care for women. At every hormonal phase, a woman must follow a different approach, tailored to her physiology and life stage. Here's a brief thyroid checklist for women that they must keep in mind: 

1. While Trying to Conceive 

• Get your iron, Vitamin D, and ferritin checked (speak to your doctor about monitoring your levels as you may require a dose increase).

• Aim for TSH within the lower-normal range pre-conception (the optimal range for conception is 1-2.5). 

• Speak to your doctor about monitoring your thyroid levels early in pregnancy, as you may need to increase your LT4 dose.

• Correct any nutritional deficiencies before the cycle begins. 

2. When Pregnant 

• When you're pregnant, follow a trimester-wise routine check-up, especially if you're diagnosed with thyroid disorders. 

• Thyroid monitoring and LT4 dose adjustments are typically guided by your doctor during pregnancy.

• According to clinical guidelines, dose changes are common, especially in early pregnancy.
  

• Be aware that thyroid levels are usually checked more frequently in the first half of pregnancy, with additional checks later on.
  

• After delivery, LT4 doses often return to pre-pregnancy levels, and follow-up testing is usually performed to confirm stability (ATA, 2011)¹⁷. 

3. During Postpartum (months 0–12) 

• Postpartum thyroid shifts can mimic anxiety or depression (racing heart, irritability, insomnia, fatigue).
  

• These symptoms are often dismissed as “new mom stress,” but may signal thyroid dysfunction.
  

• Talk to your doctor about having your thyroid levels checked if you notice these changes—especially if you have a history of thyroid problems.
  

• Testing is usually done based on symptoms, so advocating for yourself is important.
  

5. Establish a "Healthy" Life Routine 

For balanced hormonal health, women should focus on establishing a healthy lifestyle. 

• Exercise regularly. AHA recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. You may include cardio and strength training at least twice a week. 

• Use yoga as an adjunct to levothyroxine: a 6-month, single-blinded RCT of a standardized tele-yoga module improved quality of life and several secondary outcomes vs levothyroxine alone (Nilkantham et al., 2025)¹⁸. 

• Get quality sleep of 7-9 hours per night for hormonal balance. Individuals with a poor sleep schedule are more susceptible to thyroid health risks (Nazem et al., 2021)¹⁹.  Practice digital detoxification before bed to enjoy a sound sleep.

• Manage stress (your cortisol hormone). Stress hormones can blunt thyroid signaling, leading to fatigue, brain fog, and weight gain, even when labs look" normal". High cortisol can even trigger autoimmune thyroid disorders. (Douglas, 2025)²⁰.

Also Read: 7 Signs You Have High Cortisol As a Mom

Final Words 

Thyroid conditions can scatter your energy, mood, cycles, and even life at times. But a smarter approach and expert health strategies can be your savior. Start simple: notice symptoms early, test correctly, and treat precisely. 

Complement your thyroid treatment with a healthy lifestyle, balanced meals, enough protein and fluids, consistent sleep, stress care, and movement you enjoy. 

Key Takeaways: 

• To diagnose, start with the TSH (± FT4) test. 

• Add antibodies when planning pregnancy or with cycle/fertility issues. 

• Talk to your doctor about trimester-specific TSH targets and adjusting your LT4 dose if you become pregnant.

• If you want, I can help refine the entire Key Takeaways section for tone and flow.

• Correct nutrient deficiencies, but avoid high-dose supplements. High doses of iodine, selenium, vitamin A, or other nutrients can disrupt thyroid function if taken unnecessarily. Work with your doctor to treat only what you’re deficient in and avoid self-prescribing high-dose “fixes.”

• Revisit your plan whenever life stage or symptoms change—and loop in your clinician early.

Disclaimer: This article is educational, not medical advice. Consult your clinician before changing any meds, hormones, supplements, diet, or exercise.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

Q1. Can diet or supplements replace levothyroxine in hypothyroidism? 

No. Hypothyroidism usually requires levothyroxine to replace the missing hormone. Nutrition, sleep, and stress management improve how you feel, but don't substitute medication. Work with your clinician to individualize dosing. (ATA, 2011)17. 

Q2. How should I take levothyroxine for the best absorption? 

• Take levothyroxine on an empty stomach with water. 

• Wait 30–60 minutes before food/coffee. 

• Separate iron, calcium, and fat-soluble vitamins by ~3–4 hours. 

• Be consistent with the brand or formulation. 

Q3. How to control thyroid in females fast? 

There's no proven way to fix thyroid quickly. Follow the prescribed medications, doctor's recommendations, and an active lifestyle for notable improvements. 

Q4. Do I need an iodine supplement for my thyroid? 

Most adults meet their needs with iodized salt and seafood. Pregnancy and lactation have higher requirements. You can ask your doctor for appropriate iodine doses. Avoid self-administration or higher doses. 

Q5. Is exercise safe with thyroid problems? 

Generally, yes. However, you may adjust exercise based on your stamina and allowance. 

References 

1. AMA: Shahid MA, Ashraf MA, Sharma S. Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. Updated 2023 Jun 5. Available on: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500006 

2. Pirahanchi Y, Toro F, Jialal I. Physiology, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. Updated 2023 May 1. Available on: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499850/ 

3. Office on Women's Health, US Department of Health & Human Services. Thyroid disease. Office on Women's Health website. Updated December 6, 2024. Accessed November 7, 2025. Available on: https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease 

4. Alemu A, Terefe B, Abebe M, Biadgo B. Thyroid hormone dysfunction during pregnancy: A review. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016;14(11):677-686. Available on: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5153572/ 

5. Redmond GP. Thyroid dysfunction and women's reproductive health. Thyroid. 2004;14(Suppl 1):S5–S15. doi:10.1089/105072504323024543. Available on: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15142372/ 

6. Poppe K, Velkeniers B, Glinoer D. Thyroid disease and female reproduction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(3):309-321. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02752.x. Available on: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17302862/ 

7. Mammen JSR, Cappola AR. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Women. JAMA. 2021;325(23):2392-2393. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22196. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33938930/

8. Odhaib SA, Ameer EA, Ahmed HS, et al. How Biotin Induces Misleading Results in Thyroid Bioassays: Case Series. Cureus. 2019;11(5):e4727. doi:10.7759/cureus.4727. Available on: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6663274/ 

9. NHS. The Eatwell Guide. NHS.uk. Accessed November 7, 2025. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-guidelines-and-food-labels/the-eatwell-guide/ 

10. Shulhai AM, Rotondo R, Petraroli M, et al. The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function. Nutrients. 2024;16(15):2496. doi:10.3390/nu16152496. Available on: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11314468/ 

11. Ventura M, Melo M, Carrilho F. Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:1297658. doi:10.1155/2017/1297658. Available on: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5307254/ 

12. Maxwell C, Volpe SL. Effect of zinc supplementation on thyroid hormone function. A case study of two college females. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51(2):188-194. doi:10.1159/000103324. Available on: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17541266/ 

13. Qazzaz ME, Alfahad M, Alassaf FA, et al. Effects of omega-3 on thyroid function tests in healthy volunteers. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2020;11(7):10-14. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.03. Available on: https://www.sysrevpharm.org/articles/effects-of-omega3-on-thyroid-function-tests-in-healthy-volunteers.pdf 

14. Saleh SR, Zaki R, Hassan R, El-Kersh MA, El-Sayed MM, Abd Elmoneam AA. The impact of vitamin A supplementation on thyroid function and insulin sensitivity: implication of deiodinases and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in male Wistar rats. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(8):4091-4105. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-02945-5. Retracted in: Eur J Nutr. 2024;63(8):3293. Available on: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9596568/ 

15. Wiesner A, Gajewska D, Paśko P. Levothyroxine Interactions with Food and Dietary Supplements—A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(3):206. doi:10.3390/ph14030206. Available on: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8002057/ 

16. Gwizdak P, Szlacheta P, Łaskawiec-Żuławińska D, et al. Dietary Habits, Nutritional Knowledge, and Their Impact on Thyroid Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2024;16(22):3862. doi:10.3390/nu16223862. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/22/3862 

17. Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, et al.; American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011;21(10):1081-1125. doi:10.1089/thy.2011.0087. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3472679/

18. Nilkantham S, Majumdar V, Singh A. Scientific yoga module for hypothyroidism: A study protocol for tele-yoga RCT. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2023;33:101157. doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101157. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10277449/ 

19. Nazem MR, Bastanhagh E, Emami A, Hedayati M, Samimi S, Karami M. The relationship between thyroid function tests and sleep quality: Cross-sectional study. Sleep Sci. 2021;14(3):196-200. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200050. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8848531/ 

20. Douglas R. The Impact of Stress on Thyroid Health Explained. RaymondDouglasMD.com. Published July 24, 2025. Accessed November 7, 2025. Available from: https://raymonddouglasmd.com/impact-of-stress-on-thyroid-health-explained