What is Astaxanthin (3S, 3’S) - Astaxanthin (C40 H52 O4)
A red-orange fat-soluble carotenoid found in algae and aquatic animals
Primarily found in trans-isomeric form in nature
Approved as a dietary supplement (nutraceutical) since1999
Human consumption form derived from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis
Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Depression
Key Findings in Depression
90% of MDD patients have sleep disturbances
REM sleep latency is shortened
Abnormal clock gene expression (Bmal1, Per2)
This graph illustrates the fundamental problem - how circadian rhythms become disrupted in depression:
Normal Pattern: Shows a regular sleep-wake cycle with properly timed melatonin release
Disrupted Pattern: Depicts the irregular patterns seen in depression with early melatonin release
Key Symptoms: Highlights that 90% of MDD patients have sleep disturbances, including early waking, fragmented sleep, am poor sleep quality
Molecular Changes: Notes abnormal expression of clock genes like Bmalı and Perz
How Astaxanthin Affects Circadian Rhythm and Depression
Modulates neurotransmitters
Increases BDNF expression
Reduces oxidative stress
Protects brain cells
Regulates clock genes
Improves sleep quality
This graph shows the potential solution - how astaxanthin might help restore normal rhythms:
Multiple Pathways : Astaxanthin works through several mechanisms (NMDA/GABA modulation, antioxidant effects, BDNF increase)
Astrocyte Protection: These pathways converge to protect astrocytes, star-shaped brain cells that are critical for maintaining circadian rhythms
Dual Benefits: By protecting astrocytes and normalizing their function, astaxanthin may both normalize circadian rhythms and reduce depression symptoms
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